twin-gatus/README.md

A service health dashboard in Go that is meant to be used as a docker image with a custom configuration file.

I personally deploy it in my Kubernetes cluster and let it monitor the status of my core applications: https://status.twinnation.org/

Table of Contents

• Features
• Usage
  • Configuration
  • Conditions
    • Placeholders
    • Functions
  • Alerting
    • Configuring Slack alerts
    • Configuring Mattermost alerts
    • Configuring PagerDuty alerts
    • Configuring Twilio alerts
    • Configuring custom alerts
  • Kubernetes (ALPHA)
    • Auto Discovery
    • Deploying
• Docker
• Running the tests
• Using in Production
• FAQ
  • Sending a GraphQL request
  • Recommended interval
  • Default timeouts
  • Monitoring a TCP service
  • Basic authentication
  • disable-monitoring-lock

Features

The main features of Gatus are:

• Highly flexible health check conditions: While checking the response status may be enough for some use cases, Gatus goes much further and allows you to add conditions on the response time, the response body and even the IP address.
• Ability to use Gatus for user acceptance tests: Thanks to the point above, you can leverage this application to create automated user acceptance tests.
• Very easy to configure: Not only is the configuration designed to be as readable as possible, it's also extremely easy to add a new service or a new endpoint to monitor.
• Alerting: While having a pretty visual dashboard is useful to keep track of the state of your application(s), you probably don't want to stare at it all day. Thus, notifications via Slack, Mattermost, PagerDuty and Twilio are supported out of the box with the ability to configure a custom alerting provider for any needs you might have, whether it be a different provider or a custom application that manages automated rollbacks.
• Metrics
• Low resource consumption: As with most Go applications, the resource footprint that this application requires is negligibly small.
• Service auto discovery in Kubernetes (ALPHA)

Usage

By default, the configuration file is expected to be at config/config.yaml.

You can specify a custom path by setting the GATUS_CONFIG_FILE environment variable.

Here's a simple example:

metrics: true         # Whether to expose metrics at /metrics
services:
  - name: twinnation  # Name of your service, can be anything
    url: "https://twinnation.org/health"
    interval: 30s     # Duration to wait between every status check (default: 60s)
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"         # Status must be 200
      - "[BODY].status == UP"     # The json path "$.status" must be equal to UP
      - "[RESPONSE_TIME] < 300"   # Response time must be under 300ms
  - name: example
    url: "https://example.org/"
    interval: 30s
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"

This example would look like this:

Note that you can also add environment variables in the configuration file (i.e. $DOMAIN, ${DOMAIN})

Configuration

Parameter	Description	Default
debug	Whether to enable debug logs	false
metrics	Whether to expose metrics at /metrics	false
services	List of services to monitor	Required []
services[].name	Name of the service. Can be anything.	Required ""
services[].url	URL to send the request to	Required ""
services[].method	Request method	GET
services[].insecure	Whether to skip verifying the server's certificate chain and host name	false
services[].conditions	Conditions used to determine the health of the service	[]
services[].interval	Duration to wait between every status check	60s
services[].graphql	Whether to wrap the body in a query param ({"query":"$body"})	false
services[].body	Request body	""
services[].headers	Request headers	{}
services[].alerts[].type	Type of alert. Valid types: slack, pagerduty, twilio, custom, mattermost	Required ""
services[].alerts[].enabled	Whether to enable the alert	false
services[].alerts[].failure-threshold	Number of failures in a row needed before triggering the alert	3
services[].alerts[].success-threshold	Number of successes in a row before an ongoing incident is marked as resolved	2
services[].alerts[].send-on-resolved	Whether to send a notification once a triggered alert is marked as resolved	false
services[].alerts[].description	Description of the alert. Will be included in the alert sent	""
alerting	Configuration for alerting	{}
alerting.slack	Configuration for alerts of type slack	{}
alerting.slack.webhook-url	Slack Webhook URL	Required ""
alerting.mattermost	Configuration for alerts of type mattermost	{}
alerting.mattermost.webhook-url	Mattermost Webhook URL	Required ""
alerting.mattermost.insecure	Whether to skip verifying the server's certificate chain and host name	false
alerting.pagerduty	Configuration for alerts of type pagerduty	{}
alerting.pagerduty.integration-key	PagerDuty Events API v2 integration key.	Required ""
alerting.twilio	Settings for alerts of type twilio	{}
alerting.twilio.sid	Twilio account SID	Required ""
alerting.twilio.token	Twilio auth token	Required ""
alerting.twilio.from	Number to send Twilio alerts from	Required ""
alerting.twilio.to	Number to send twilio alerts to	Required ""
alerting.custom	Configuration for custom actions on failure or alerts	{}
alerting.custom.url	Custom alerting request url	Required ""
alerting.custom.method	Request method	GET
alerting.custom.insecure	Whether to skip verifying the server's certificate chain and host name	false
alerting.custom.body	Custom alerting request body.	""
alerting.custom.headers	Custom alerting request headers	{}
security	Security configuration	{}
security.basic	Basic authentication security configuration	{}
security.basic.username	Username for Basic authentication	Required ""
security.basic.password-sha512	Password's SHA512 hash for Basic authentication	Required ""
disable-monitoring-lock	Whether to disable the monitoring lock	false

For Kubernetes configuration, see Kubernetes

Conditions

Here are some examples of conditions you can use:

Condition	Description	Passing values	Failing values
[STATUS] == 200	Status must be equal to 200	200	201, 404, ...
[STATUS] < 300	Status must lower than 300	200, 201, 299	301, 302, ...
[STATUS] <= 299	Status must be less than or equal to 299	200, 201, 299	301, 302, ...
[STATUS] > 400	Status must be greater than 400	401, 402, 403, 404	400, 200, ...
[CONNECTED] == true	Connection to host must've been successful	true, false
[RESPONSE_TIME] < 500	Response time must be below 500ms	100ms, 200ms, 300ms	500ms, 501ms
[IP] == 127.0.0.1	Target IP must be 127.0.0.1	127.0.0.1	0.0.0.0
[BODY] == 1	The body must be equal to 1	1	{}, 2, ...
[BODY].user.name == john	JSONPath value of $.user.name is equal to john	{"user":{"name":"john"}}
[BODY].data[0].id == 1	JSONPath value of $.data[0].id is equal to 1	{"data":[{"id":1}]}
[BODY].age == [BODY].id	JSONPath value of $.age is equal JSONPath $.id	{"age":1,"id":1}
len([BODY].data) < 5	Array at JSONPath $.data has less than 5 elements	{"data":[{"id":1}]}
len([BODY].name) == 8	String at JSONPath $.name has a length of 8	{"name":"john.doe"}	{"name":"bob"}
[BODY].name == pat(john*)	String at JSONPath $.name matches pattern john*	{"name":"john.doe"}	{"name":"bob"}

Placeholders

Placeholder	Description	Example of resolved value
[STATUS]	Resolves into the HTTP status of the request	404
[RESPONSE_TIME]	Resolves into the response time the request took, in ms	10
[IP]	Resolves into the IP of the target host	192.168.0.232
[BODY]	Resolves into the response body. Supports JSONPath.	{"name":"john.doe"}
[CONNECTED]	Resolves into whether a connection could be established	true

Functions

Function	Description	Example
len	Returns the length of the object/slice. Works only with the [BODY] placeholder.	len([BODY].username) > 8
pat	Specifies that the string passed as parameter should be evaluated as a pattern. Works only with == and !=.	[IP] == pat(192.168.*)

NOTE: Use pat only when you need to. [STATUS] == pat(2*) is a lot more expensive than [STATUS] < 300.

Alerting

Configuring Slack alerts

alerting:
  slack: 
    webhook-url: "https://hooks.slack.com/services/**********/**********/**********"
services:
  - name: twinnation
    url: "https://twinnation.org/health"
    interval: 30s
    alerts:
      - type: slack
        enabled: true
        description: "healthcheck failed 3 times in a row"
        send-on-resolved: true
      - type: slack
        enabled: true
        failure-threshold: 5
        description: "healthcheck failed 5 times in a row"
        send-on-resolved: true
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
      - "[BODY].status == UP"
      - "[RESPONSE_TIME] < 300"

Here's an example of what the notifications look like:

Configuring Mattermost alerts

alerting:
  mattermost: 
    webhook-url: "http://**********/hooks/**********"
    insecure: true
services:
  - name: twinnation
    url: "https://twinnation.org/health"
    interval: 30s
    alerts:
      - type: mattermost
        enabled: true
        description: "healthcheck failed 3 times in a row"
        send-on-resolved: true
      - type: mattermost
        enabled: true
        failure-threshold: 5
        description: "healthcheck failed 5 times in a row"
        send-on-resolved: true
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
      - "[BODY].status == UP"
      - "[RESPONSE_TIME] < 300"

Here's an example of what the notifications look like:

Configuring PagerDuty alerts

It is highly recommended to set services[].alerts[].send-on-resolved to true for alerts of type pagerduty, because unlike other alerts, the operation resulting from setting said parameter to true will not create another incident, but mark the incident as resolved on PagerDuty instead.

alerting:
  pagerduty: 
    integration-key: "********************************"
services:
  - name: twinnation
    url: "https://twinnation.org/health"
    interval: 30s
    alerts:
      - type: pagerduty
        enabled: true
        failure-threshold: 3
        success-threshold: 5
        send-on-resolved: true
        description: "healthcheck failed 3 times in a row"
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
      - "[BODY].status == UP"
      - "[RESPONSE_TIME] < 300"

Configuring Twilio alerts

alerting:
  twilio:
    sid: "..."
    token: "..."
    from: "+1-234-567-8901"
    to: "+1-234-567-8901"
services:
  - name: twinnation
    interval: 30s
    url: "https://twinnation.org/health"
    alerts:
      - type: twilio
        enabled: true
        failure-threshold: 5
        send-on-resolved: true
        description: "healthcheck failed 5 times in a row"
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
      - "[BODY].status == UP"
      - "[RESPONSE_TIME] < 300"

Configuring custom alerts

While they're called alerts, you can use this feature to call anything.

For instance, you could automate rollbacks by having an application that keeps tracks of new deployments, and by leveraging Gatus, you could have Gatus call that application endpoint when a service starts failing. Your application would then check if the service that started failing was recently deployed, and if it was, then automatically roll it back.

The values [ALERT_DESCRIPTION] and [SERVICE_NAME] are automatically substituted for the alert description and the service name respectively in the body (alerting.custom.body) as well as the url (alerting.custom.url).

If you have send-on-resolved set to true, you may want to use [ALERT_TRIGGERED_OR_RESOLVED] to differentiate the notifications. It will be replaced for either TRIGGERED or RESOLVED, based on the situation.

For all intents and purpose, we'll configure the custom alert with a Slack webhook, but you can call anything you want.

alerting:
  custom:
    url: "https://hooks.slack.com/services/**********/**********/**********"
    method: "POST"
    insecure: true
    body: |
      {
        "text": "[ALERT_TRIGGERED_OR_RESOLVED]: [SERVICE_NAME] - [ALERT_DESCRIPTION]"
      }      
services:
  - name: twinnation
    url: "https://twinnation.org/health"
    interval: 30s
    alerts:
      - type: custom
        enabled: true
        failure-threshold: 10
        success-threshold: 3
        send-on-resolved: true
        description: "healthcheck failed 10 times in a row"
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
      - "[BODY].status == UP"
      - "[RESPONSE_TIME] < 300"

Kubernetes (ALPHA)

WARNING: This feature is in ALPHA. This means that it is very likely to change in the near future, which means that while you can use this feature as you see fit, there may be breaking changes in future releases.

Parameter	Description	Default
kubernetes	Kubernetes configuration	{}
kubernetes.auto-discover	Whether to enable auto discovery	false
kubernetes.cluster-mode	Cluster mode to use for authenticating. Supported values: in, out	Required ""
kubernetes.service-template	Service template. See services[] in Configuration	Required nil
kubernetes.excluded-service-suffixes	List of service suffixes to not monitor (e.g. canary)	[]
kubernetes.namespaces	List of configurations for the namespaces from which services will be discovered	[]
kubernetes.namespaces[].name	Namespace name	Required ""
kubernetes.namespaces[].hostname-suffix	Suffix to append to the service name before calling target-path	Required ""
kubernetes.namespaces[].target-path	Path that will be called on the discovered service for the health check	""
kubernetes.namespaces[].excluded-services	List of services to not monitor in the given namespace	[]

Auto Discovery

Auto discovery works by reading all Service resources from the configured namespaces and appending the hostname-suffix as well as the configured target-path to the service name and making an HTTP call.

All auto-discovered services will have the service configuration populated from the service-template.

You can exclude certain services from the dashboard by using kubernetes.excluded-service-suffixes or kubernetes.namespaces[].excluded-services.

kubernetes:
  auto-discover: true
  # out: Gatus is deployed outside of the K8s cluster.
  # in: Gatus is deployed in the K8s cluster
  cluster-mode: "out"                                              
  excluded-service-suffixes:
    - canary
  service-template:
    interval: 30s
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
  namespaces:
    - name: default
      # If cluster-mode is out, you should use an externally accessible hostname suffix (e.g.. .example.com)
      # This will result in gatus generating services with URLs like <service-name>.example.com
      # If cluster-mode is in, you can use either an externally accessible hostname suffix (e.g.. .example.com)
      # or an internally accessible hostname suffix (e.g. .default.svc.cluster.local)
      hostname-suffix: ".default.svc.cluster.local"
      target-path: "/health"
      # If some services cannot be or do not need to be monitored, you can exclude them by explicitly defining them
      # in the following list.
      excluded-services:
        - gatus
        - kubernetes

Note that hostname-suffix could also be something like .yourdomain.com, in which case the endpoint that would be monitored would be potato.example.com/health, assuming you have a service named potato and a matching ingress to map potato.example.com to the potato service.

Deploying

See example/kubernetes-with-auto-discovery

Docker

Other than using one of the examples provided in the examples folder, you can also try it out locally by creating a configuration file - we'll call it config.yaml for this example - and running the following command:

docker run -p 8080:8080 --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)"/config.yaml,target=/config/config.yaml --name gatus twinproduction/gatus

If you're on Windows, replace "$(pwd)" by the absolute path to your current directory, e.g.:

docker run -p 8080:8080 --mount type=bind,source=C:/Users/Chris/Desktop/config.yaml,target=/config/config.yaml --name gatus twinproduction/gatus

Running the tests

go test ./... -mod vendor

Using in Production

See the example folder.

FAQ

Sending a GraphQL request

By setting services[].graphql to true, the body will automatically be wrapped by the standard GraphQL query parameter.

For instance, the following configuration:

services:
  - name: filter users by gender
    url: http://localhost:8080/playground
    method: POST
    graphql: true
    body: |
      {
        user(gender: "female") {
          id
          name
          gender
          avatar
        }
      }      
    headers:
      Content-Type: application/json
    conditions:
      - "[STATUS] == 200"
      - "[BODY].data.user[0].gender == female"

will send a POST request to http://localhost:8080/playground with the following body:

{"query":"      {\n        user(gender: \"female\") {\n          id\n          name\n          gender\n          avatar\n        }\n      }"}

Recommended interval

NOTE: This does not really apply if disable-monitoring-lock is set to true, as the monitoring lock is what tells Gatus to only evaluate one service at a time.

To ensure that Gatus provides reliable and accurate results (i.e. response time), Gatus only evaluates one service at a time In other words, even if you have multiple services with the exact same interval, they will not execute at the same time.

You can test this yourself by running Gatus with several services configured with a very short, unrealistic interval, such as 1ms. You'll notice that the response time does not fluctuate - that is because while services are evaluated on different goroutines, there's a global lock that prevents multiple services from running at the same time.

Unfortunately, there is a drawback. If you have a lot of services, including some that are very slow or prone to time out (the default time out is 10s for HTTP and 5s for TCP), then it means that for the entire duration of the request, no other services can be evaluated.

This does mean that Gatus will be unable to evaluate the health of other services. The interval does not include the duration of the request itself, which means that if a service has an interval of 30s and the request takes 2s to complete, the timestamp between two evaluations will be 32s, not 30s.

While this does not prevent Gatus' from performing health checks on all other services, it may cause Gatus to be unable to respect the configured interval, for instance:

• Service A has an interval of 5s, and times out after 10s to complete
• Service B has an interval of 5s, and takes 1ms to complete
• Service B will be unable to run every 5s, because service A's health evaluation takes longer than its interval

To sum it up, while Gatus can really handle any interval you throw at it, you're better off having slow requests with higher interval.

As a rule of the thumb, I personally set interval for more complex health checks to 5m (5 minutes) and simple health checks used for alerting (PagerDuty/Twilio) to 30s.

Default timeouts

Protocol	Timeout
HTTP	10s
TCP	5s

Monitoring a TCP service

By prefixing services[].url with tcp:\\, you can monitor TCP services at a very basic level:

  - name: redis
    url: "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379"
    interval: 30s
    conditions:
      - "[CONNECTED] == true"

Placeholders [STATUS] and [BODY] as well as the fields services[].body, services[].insecure, services[].headers, services[].method and services[].graphql are not supported for TCP services.

NOTE: [CONNECTED] == true does not guarantee that the service itself is healthy - it only guarantees that there's something at the given address listening to the given port, and that a connection to that address was successfully established.

Basic authentication

You can require Basic authentication by leveraging the security.basic configuration:

security:
  basic:
    username: "john.doe"
    password-sha512: "6b97ed68d14eb3f1aa959ce5d49c7dc612e1eb1dafd73b1e705847483fd6a6c809f2ceb4e8df6ff9984c6298ff0285cace6614bf8daa9f0070101b6c89899e22"

The example above will require that you authenticate with the username john.doe as well as the password hunter2.

disable-monitoring-lock

Setting disable-monitoring-lock to true means that multiple services could be monitored at the same time.

While this behavior wouldn't generally be harmful, conditions using the [RESPONSE_TIME] placeholder could be impacted by the evaluation of multiple services at the same time, therefore, the default value for this parameter is false.

There are three main reasons why you might want to disable the monitoring lock:

• You're using Gatus for load testing (each services are periodically evaluated on a different goroutine, so technically, if you create 100 services with a 1 seconds interval, Gatus will send 100 requests per second)
• You have a lot of services to monitor
• You want to test multiple services at very short interval (< 5s)