Kyverno - Kubernetes Native Policy Management

Kyverno is a policy engine designed for Kubernetes.

Kubernetes supports declarative management of objects using configurations written in YAML or JSON. Often, parts of the configuration will need to vary based on the runtime environment. For portability, and for separation of concerns, its best to maintain environment specific configurations separately from workload configurations.

Kyverno allows cluster adminstrators to manage environment specific configurations independently of workload configurations and enforce configuration best practices for their clusters.

Kyverno policies are Kubernetes resources that can be written in YAML or JSON. Kyverno policies can validate, mutate, and generate any Kubernetes resources.

Kyverno runs as a dynamic admission controller in a Kubernetes cluster. Kyverno receives validating and mutating admission webhook HTTP callbacks from the kube-apiserver and applies matching policies to return results that enforce admission policies or reject requests.

Kyverno policies can match resources using the resource kind, name, and label selectors. Wildcards are supported in names.

Mutating policies can be written as overlays (similar to Kustomize) or as a JSON Patch. Validating policies also use an overlay style syntax, with support for pattern matching and conditional (if-then-else) processing.

Policy enforcement is captured using Kubernetes events. Kyverno also reports policy violations for existing resources.

Examples

1. Validating resources

This policy requires that all pods have CPU and memory resource requests and limits:

apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: check-cpu-memory
spec:
  rules:
  - name: check-pod-resources
    resource:
      kinds:
      - Pod
    validate:
      message: "CPU and memory resource requests and limits are required"
      pattern:
        spec:
          containers:
          # 'name: *' selects all containers in the pod
          - name: "*"
            resources:
              limits:
                # '?' requires 1 alphanumeric character and '*' means that there can be 0 or more characters. 
                # Using them togther e.g. '?*' requires at least one character. 
                memory: "?*"
                cpu: "?*"
              requests:
                memory: "?*"
                cpu: "?*"

2. Mutating resources

This policy sets the imagePullPolicy to Always if the image tag is latest:

apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: set-image-pull-policy
spec:
  rules:
  - name: set-image-pull-policy
    resource:
      kinds:
      - Deployment
    mutate:
      overlay:
        spec:
          template:
            spec:
              containers:
                # match images which end with :latest   
                - (image): "*:latest"
                  # set the imagePullPolicy to "Always"
                  imagePullPolicy: "Always"

3. Generating resources

This policy sets the Zookeeper and Kafka connection strings for all namespaces with a label key 'kafka'.

apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: "zk-kafka-address"
spec:
  rules:
  - name: "zk-kafka-address"
    resource:
      kinds:
        - Namespace
      selector:
        matchExpressions:
        - {key: kafka, operator: Exists}
    generate: 
      kind: ConfigMap
      name: zk-kafka-address
      data:
        kind: ConfigMap
        data:
          ZK_ADDRESS: "192.168.10.10:2181,192.168.10.11:2181,192.168.10.12:2181"
          KAFKA_ADDRESS: "192.168.10.13:9092,192.168.10.14:9092,192.168.10.15:9092"

4. More examples

Additional examples are available in examples.

Alternatives

Open Policy Agent

Open Policy Agent (OPA) is a general-purpose policy engine that can be used as a Kubernetes admission controller. It supports a large set of use cases. Policies are written using Rego a custom query language.

External configuration management tools

Tools like Kustomize can be used to manage variations in configurations outside of clusters. There are several advantages to this approach when used to produce variations of the same base configuration. However, such solutions cannot be used to validate or enforce configurations.

Status

Kyverno is under active development and not ready for production use. Key components and policy definitions are likely to change as we complete core features.

Documentation

• Getting Started
• Writing Policies
  • Mutate
  • Validate
  • Generate
• Testing Policies
  • Using kubectl
  • Using the Kyverno CLI
• Examples

Roadmap

Here are some the major features we plan on completing before a 1.0 release:

• Events
• Policy Violations
• Generate any resource
• Conditionals on existing resources
• Extend CLI to operate on cluster resources

Getting help

• For feature requests and bugs, file an issue.
• For discussions or questions, join the mailing list